El Escorial, 30 miles from Madrid, from where the very Catholic King Phillip II ruled his empire and directed the Inquisition 400 years ago
El Valle de los Caidos (The Valley of the Fallen), a massive underground monument carved from a hill, commemorates the roughly half a million Spaniards who died during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). It was built by Dictator Francisco Franco using prison workers who dug 220,000 tons of granite out of the hill beneath the gargantuan cross to form the underground basilica.
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